Common EMDR Side Effects

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) has gained significant attention over the years as a treatment method for trauma and other mental health challenges. With over 45 years of collective experience, the Center for Effective Treatment (CET) has seen firsthand how EMDR can support healing and growth for individuals suffering from trauma, PTSD, substance abuse, and emotional struggles. As with any therapeutic approach, understanding both EMDR’s benefits and EMDR’s side effects is essential to ensuring informed decisions on whether it’s the right treatment for you or your loved ones.

Understanding EMDR

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a well-researched, evidence-based therapy designed to help individuals process traumatic experiences and alleviate distressing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and other mental health conditions. Developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro in the late 1980s, EMDR has been endorsed by organizations such as the American Psychological Association (APA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) for its effectiveness in trauma recovery.

Who Can Benefit from EMDR?

Before we get into the common EMDR side effects, let’s talk about who it can benefit. EMDR is a powerful, adaptable therapy that can help a wide range of individuals facing various mental health challenges. While it’s most commonly associated with trauma and PTSD, it has been shown to be effective for many other conditions as well. By helping the brain process and reframe distressing memories, EMDR can provide relief for those dealing with a range of emotional and psychological struggles, such as (but not limited to) the following:

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): EMDR is well-known for its effectiveness in treating PTSD. By targeting the memories tied to trauma, the therapy helps reduce the emotional weight of those memories, allowing individuals to move forward with less distress. In fact, according to the US Department of Veterans Affairs, most people who complete 1-3 months of weekly 50-90 minute sessions of EMDR show a noticeable improvement in PTSD symptoms. Many people start to notice improvements after a few sessions.
Trauma and Complex Trauma: For individuals with a history of multiple or complex traumas, such as childhood abuse or repeated exposure to violence, EMDR offers a way to address deep-rooted emotional wounds. It provides a structured and supportive approach to help individuals process these painful memories and reduce their emotional impact.
Anxiety Disorders: Whether it’s generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, or social anxiety, EMDR can be a really effective treatment to utilize. By addressing the underlying sources of anxiety, EMDR helps individuals reduce anxious thoughts and feelings, allowing for better emotional regulation and greater peace of mind.
Depression: While depression is not always directly linked to trauma, many people with depression have experienced past traumatic events that contribute to their symptoms. EMDR can help process those memories and negative thought patterns, providing relief from the emotional burden that depression often carries.
Substance Use Disorders: Addiction is frequently tied to past trauma or unresolved emotional issues, often stemming from the traumatic roots of addiction. EMDR can be a key part of the healing process. By helping individuals confront and process these underlying issues, EMDR supports those struggling with substance use in breaking unhealthy cycles and adopting more positive coping strategies.

Now, EMDR has helped countless individuals find relief from painful memories and emotional distress, it’s essential to understand that– like any therapeutic practice– it does come with potential side effects. Recognizing these effects can help individuals prepare for their treatment journey and work collaboratively with their therapist to mitigate any challenges they may experience.

EMDR is generally considered safe, but some individuals may experience temporary side effects during or after sessions. These common EMDR side effects are typically mild and subside with time.

Here are some of the most common EMDR side effects:

Increased Emotional Sensitivity: EMDR often brings deeply buried emotions to the surface, which can lead to temporary mood swings, heightened emotional reactions, or tearfulness during EMDR sessions.
Vivid Dreams or Nightmares: Processing distressing memories can sometimes cause an increase in dream activity, including more vivid or emotionally charged dreams.
Fatigue or Mental Exhaustion: Since EMDR requires intense mental engagement, some individuals report feeling tired or mentally drained after sessions.
Temporary Increase in Anxiety or Distress: During EMDR sessions, confronting traumatic memories can temporarily heighten anxiety, fear, or sadness before these emotions begin to subside.
Physical Sensations: Some other EMDR side effects individuals may experience are headaches, , or muscle tension as their body responds to the emotional processing.

While EMDR’s side effects can be challenging, they are usually short-lived and diminish as therapy progresses. A trained EMDR therapist will help clients navigate these reactions and provide coping strategies to manage discomfort.

What are the Benefits of EMDR Therapy?

Despite EMDR’s side effects, EMDR remains a powerful and effective treatment for trauma and emotional distress. Numerous studies have demonstrated its benefits, particularly in reducing PTSD symptoms and improving overall mental well-being.

One of the most significant advantages of EMDR is its ability to accelerate the healing process. Unlike traditional talk therapy, which can take years to unravel trauma, EMDR often produces noticeable improvements in a shorter timeframe.

Another benefit is its non-reliance on extensive verbal processing. For individuals who find it difficult to articulate their traumatic experiences, EMDR provides a way to heal without the pressure of repeatedly discussing distressing events. This makes it particularly beneficial for those who have experienced severe trauma or struggle with emotional expression.

Additionally, EMDR helps reframe negative beliefs and self-perceptions. Many trauma survivors develop deeply ingrained thoughts such as “I’m not safe” or “I’m not worthy.” Through EMDR, these beliefs are replaced with more adaptive, positive perspectives, fostering increased self-esteem and emotional resilience.

Some Considerations Before Starting EMDR Therapy

While EMDR is highly effective, it is not the right fit for everyone, and there are some important considerations to keep in mind before beginning treatment.

One drawback is that EMDR can be emotionally intense but it should not be overwhelming. Since the therapy directly engages with traumatic memories, some individuals may experience strong emotions during EMDR sessions. A skilled therapist will pace the treatment appropriately, but clients should be prepared for possible emotional discomfort.

Another potential concern is the variability in effectiveness. While most individuals see substantial improvement, others may require additional therapeutic interventions to achieve their desired outcomes. Factors such as the complexity of trauma, co-occurring mental health conditions, and individual differences in processing speed can influence the effectiveness of EMDR.

Furthermore, EMDR requires commitment. Successful outcomes depend on attending multiple sessions and engaging fully in the treatment process. Those who discontinue therapy prematurely may not experience the full benefits of EMDR.

Is EMDR Right for You?

Deciding whether EMDR is the right therapeutic approach depends on individual circumstances, trauma history, and personal preferences. If you are considering EMDR, it is essential to consult with a qualified therapist who can assess your specific needs and determine whether it aligns with your goals.

At the Center for Effective Treatment, our experienced clinicians specialize in EMDR and other trauma-focused therapies. If you have questions about EMDR or would like to explore whether it is the right fit for you, please feel free to reach out to us. We’d be happy to answer any questions you have.